Streptococcus pneumoniae synergizes with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to induce inflammation via upregulating TLR2
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Antimicrobial activity of innate immune molecules against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
BACKGROUND Despite its direct connection to the nasopharynx which harbors otitis media pathogens as part of its normal flora, the middle ear cavity is kept free of these bacteria by as yet unknown mechanisms. Respiratory mucosal epithelia, including those of the middle ear and eustachian tube, secrete antimicrobial effectors including lysozyme, lactoferrin and beta defensins-1 and -2. To elucid...
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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) colonizes the upper respiratory tract of most healthy people and is also a major cause of infection in chronic obstructive lung disease. The immune response to this bacterium has not been well characterized. We tested the hypothesis that recurrent airway infection with NTHi may be associated with nonclearing adaptive immunity. Study subjects were health...
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Nonencapsulated, nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi) remains an important cause of acute otitis and respiratory diseases in children and adults. NTHi bacteria are one of the major causes of respiratory tract infections, including acute otitis media, cystic fibrosis, and community-acquired pneumonia among children, especially in developing countries. The bacteria can also cause chronic dise...
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Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are both commensals of the human nasopharynx with an ability to migrate to other niches within the human body to cause various diseases of the upper respiratory tract such as pneumonia, otitis media and bronchitis. They have long been detected together in a multispecies biofilm in infected tissue. However, an understanding of their interplay i...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMC Immunology
سال: 2008
ISSN: 1471-2172
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-9-40